Which of the following is NOT one of the four fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming?

A) Encapsulation

B) Inheritance

C) Polymorphism

D) Compilation

Answer: D) Compilation

Explanation: The four fundamental principles of OOP are:

Encapsulation: This is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (class). It restricts direct access to some of an object's components.

Inheritance: This allows a new class to inherit properties and behaviors (methods) from an existing class. It promotes code reusability.

Polymorphism: 

This enables objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, with the ability to take on multiple forms (e.g., method overloading and overriding).

Compilation is a process of converting code written in a high-level programming language into machine code, which is not specific to OOP.